The Parisian club has now won the season-opening trophy on 14 separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The European champions appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable win in the match between the French league winners and the Coupe de France holders after the French winger found the net early on.
However, Marseille struck two times in the closing moments to seize a surprise lead. Initially, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial equaliser in the final seconds to send the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing penalty win.
The record champions PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the last 13 seasons.
